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Gastric juice is a colorless, water-containing acidic digestive juice. As it is mainly metabolized in the gastric cavity, changes in its components can be used as early and direct indicators reflecting the pathological changes of gastric mucosa. In recent years, with the high incidence of stomach diseases and the widely use of gastroscopy, the clinical value of gastric juice has attracted much attention. This paper reviewed the research progress of relationship between changes in gastric juice components and stomach diseases.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To study the metabolic transformation of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola in artificial gastric and intestinal juice，and to speculate its metabolic transformation pathway in vivo. METHODS：UPLC/Q-TOF-MS was adopted. The determination was performed on ACQUITY UPLC BEH column with mobile phase consisted of 0.2％ formic acid water-acetonitrile（gradient elution）at the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 330 nm，and column temperature was 25 ℃. The ion source was electrospray ion source，and mass to charge ratio（m/z）was 50→1 000. In the positive and negative ion mode，the metabolic components of the total glycosides of C. deserticola in artificial gastric and intestinal juice were identified analysis，and combined with the literature，the metabolic pathway of total glycosides of C. deserticola in artificial gastric and intestinal juice was speculated. RESULTS：After the total glycosides of C. deserticola were metabolized by artificial gastric juice，and a total of 69 components were estimated，including 14 prototype components （such as Mustard aldehyde glucoside，daucosstorol） and 55 metabolic components （such as Methyl-O-Kankanoside J，Methyl-O-Kankanoside E），it is speculated that its metabolic pathways were methylation，demethylation，hydroxylation，methoxylation，acetylation，sulfation，and glucuronidation. After the total glycosides of C. deserticola were metabolized by artificial intestinal juice，a total of 90 components were estimated，including 4 prototype components（such as Kankanoside M，Kankanoside L）and 86 metabolic components（such as Methyl-O-Kankanoside， Methyl-O-Kankanoside E）. It was speculated that its metabolic pathways were methylation， demethylation，hydroxylation，dehydroxylation，methoxylation，acetylation，sulfation and glucuronidation. CONCLUSIONS：This study preliminarily speculates that the total glycosides of C. deserticola may be metabolized by methylation，demethylation， hydroxylation and other metabolic pathway in artificial gastrointestinal juice，which may provide reference for the in vivo metabolic transformation of total glycosides of C. deserticola.
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Minas artisanal cheese is made from endogenous starter cultures, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Some LAB may possess probiotic potential. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro probiotic properties of lactobacilli isolated from Minas artisanal cheeses produced in Minas Gerais. Ten samples of lactobacilli, formerly isolated from those cheeses, were submitted to the following assays: antimicrobial susceptibility, tolerance to artificial gastric juice and biliary salts, production of hydrogen peroxide and antagonism against pathogenic and non-pathogenic micro-organisms. Only L. plantarum (C0) was sensitive to all tested antimicrobials, while the other LAB samples were resistant to at least one drug. Six samples were tolerant to artificial gastric juice, and L. brevis (A6) even grew in that medium. Three samples were tolerant to biliary salts. Only L. brevis (E35) produced hydrogen peroxide. Difference (P< 0.05) was observed among the means of inhibition haloes of lactobacilli against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 and Lactobacillus plantarum C24 in spot-on-the-lawn assay. All samples of lactobacilli inhibited Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enterica var. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 in co-culture antagonism test (P< 0.0001). Most lactobacilli samples showed in vitro probiotic potential. From the tested samples, L. brevis (A6) presented the best results considering all in vitro probiotic tests.(AU)
O queijo minas artesanal é produzido por culturas starters endógenas, incluindo bactérias ácido-láticas (BAL). Algumas BAL podem possuir potencial probiótico. Com isso, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades probióticas in vitro de lactobacilos isolados de queijo minas artesanal produzido no estado de Minas Gerais. Dez amostras de lactobacilos, previamente isoladas desses queijos, foram submetidas aos seguintes testes: susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos, tolerância ao suco gástrico artificial e aos sais biliares, produção de peróxido de hidrogênio e antagonismo contra micro-organismos patogênicos e não patogênicos. Apenas L. plantarum (C0) foi sensível a todos os antimicrobianos testados, enquanto as outras amostras de BAL foram resistentes a, pelo menos, uma droga testada. Seis amostras foram tolerantes ao suco gástrico artificial, e L. brevis (A6) apresentou crescimento nesse meio. Três amostras foram tolerantes aos sais biliares. Apenas L. brevis (E35) produziu peróxido de hidrogênio. Diferença (P<0,05) foi observada entre as médias dos halos de inibição de lactobacilos contra Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 e Lactobacillus plantarum C24 no teste do spot-on-the-lawn. Todas as amostras de lactobacilos inibiram Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enterica var. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 no teste de antagonismo em cocultura (P<0,0001). A maioria das amostras de lactobacilos apresentou potencial probiótico in vitro. Com base nas amostras testadas, L. brevis (A6) apresentou os melhores resultados, considerando-se todos os testes probióticos in vitro.(AU)
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Cheese/microbiology , Probiotics/isolation & purification , Lactobacillus/isolation & purification , AntibiosisABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effects of Tongluo-Jiedu-Huazhuo decoction on hemorheological indexes and gastric juice components in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis.Methods According to the inclusion criteria,84 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 42 cases in each group.The control group received the routine clinical treatment,and the observation group was treated with Tongluo-Jiedu-Huazhuo decoction on the basis of the control group.The clinical symptoms were scored before and after treatment.The blood viscosity,plasma viscosity,hematocrit,fibrinogen and erythrocyte aggregation index were measured bY automatic hemorheology instrument,and gastric juice pH,free acid,pepsin and nitrite levels were measured by serial gastric juice detection method.The clinical efficacy was evaluted.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 90.5％ (38/42),and the total effective rate of the control group was 76.2％ (32/42),with statistically significant difference (Z=-2.683,P＜0.05).After treatment,the scores of epigastric pain,stomach swelling,nausea and vomiting,acid reflux and dietary deficiency in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t were 4.865,4.632,4.716,4.582,4.433,respectively,all Ps＜0.05),and the whole blood viscosity,plasma viscosity,hematocrit,fibrinogen and erythrocyte aggregation index were significantly lower than those in the control group (t were 5.044,4.462,5.274,4.231 and 4.485,respectively,all Ps＜0.05).The gastric juice pH (2.28 ± 0.33 vs.2.75 ± 0.38,t=4.825),nitrite (33.27 ± 4.45 mg/L vs.38.80 ± 4.93 mg/L,t=5.136) in the observation group were significantly lower than the control group (P＜0.05).The free acid (22.13 ± 3.36 mmol/L vs.18.65 ± 2.54 mmol/L,t=5.382),pepsin (144.56 ± 15.86 U vs.137.16 ± 14.63 U,t=5.736) in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions The application of Tongluo-Jiedu-Huazhuo decoction in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis can improve the hemorrheology index and regulate the function of gastric secretion,which is helpful to protect the gastric mucosa and relieve the clinical symptoms.
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Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition (EN) start time on pH value of gastric juice and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in critically ill patients with invasive mechanical ventilation, so as to provide reference for the rational selection of EN timing.Methods Patients with mechanical ventilation who underwent EN treatment admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1st, 2016 to November 30th, 2017 were enrolled, and the inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) ≤ 15, and nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002) ≥ 3. Patients were divided into two groups according to the start time of EN: early EN group (implementation of EN within 48 hours after mechanical ventilation) and late EN group (implementation of EN after 48 hours after mechanical ventilation). The pH value of gastric juice, VAP incidence, mechanical ventilation time, and the length of ICU stay were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 108 patients were included, 54 in the early EN group and 54 in the late EN group respectively. The pH value of gastric juice in early EN group was lower than that in late EN group [4.8 (3.8, 5.8) vs. 5.6 (4.6, 6.6),P < 0.01]. There were 8 patients with VAP in the early EN group, 3 of whom were early onset VAP. There were 17 patients with VAP in the late EN group, 10 of whom were early onset VAP. The incidence of VAP and the incidence of premature VAP in the early EN group were significantly lower than those in the late EN group (14.8％ vs. 31.5％, 5.6％ vs. 18.5％, bothP < 0.05). The mechanical ventilation time [days: 7.5 (5.7, 9.0) vs. 8.6 (6.8, 10.7) and the length of ICU stay [days: 10.0 (8.5, 11.7) vs. 11.0 (9.5, 12.6)] in the early EN group were significantly shorter than those in the late EN group (allP < 0.05).Conclusion At the same time of protecting gastric mucosa, early EN is helpful to reduce the incidence of VAP, reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of ICU stay, and improve the prognosis.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastric juice plays a crucial role in the physiology of the stomach. The aim of this study is to evaluate associations among the pH of gastric juice, atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), pepsinogen, and Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS: Gastric biopsies and juice were collected from 46 subjects who underwent endoscopies at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between November 2011 and March 2013. H. pylori, AG and IM were evaluated, and pepsinogen I or II, I/II ratio, and interleukin (IL)-1β levels were measured. RESULTS: The mean pH of gastric juice was higher in the H. pylori-positive group (n=17) than that in the H. pylori-negative group (n=29) (4.54 vs 2.46, p=0.002). When patients were divided into pH < 3 (n=28) and pH ≥3 (n=18) groups, H. pylori was lower in the pH < 3 group (21.4%) than in the pH ≥3 group (61.1%) (p=0.007). The pH ≥3 group demonstrated AG and IM more frequently than the pH < 3 group in the body (p=0.047 and p=0.051, respectively) but not in the antrum. There were no differences in pepsinogen I or II, I/II ratio, and IL-1β levels between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relationship between chronic H. pylori infection and gastric juice pH ≥3, which may originate from AG and IM in the body.
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Humans , Biopsy , Gastric Juice , Gastritis , Gastritis, Atrophic , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Interleukins , Metaplasia , Pepsinogen A , Physiology , Seoul , StomachABSTRACT
Objective: To study the biotransformation of saikosaponin A in vitro and analyze its metabolites. Methods: Saikosaponin A was incubated in artificial gastric juice and intestinal contents of rats in anaerobic conditions, respectively, and the metabolites were analyzed and identified by HPLC-DAD-MSn. Results: By incubation of saikosaponin A in artificial gastric juice, saikosaponin b1 and g were detected in the reaction mixture. By the anaerobic incubation of saikosaponin A with intestinal flora, prosaikogenin F was soon detected, but it was further converted to saikogenin F. Conclusion: Saikosaponin A can be transformed to secondary glycosides and glycosides in artificial gastrointestinal environment. And the products can be identified by HPLC-DAD-MSn. The distribution and concentration of saikosaponin A in vivo can not reflect its fate fully, and the metabolites should be considered simutaneously.
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Objective To explore the conversion rate of iodate ions (IO3-) being reduced to iodide ions (I-) by ascorbic acid (C6HsO6,VC) in simulated human gastric juice,and to provide references for further safety evaluation of edible salt iodized with potassium iodate.Methods An ion chromatography method was developed to detect iodide ions in simulated gastric juice.The conversion rate of iodate ions being reduced to iodide ions was used as the index for scavenging rate of iodate ions.In simulated gastric juice in vitro and in 37 C water bath,the scavenging effects of VC on iodate ions were determined in simulated gastric juice with different VC concentrations and simulated gastric juice acidities,as well as for different reaction time.Ion chromatography column:Dionex IonPac AS19 (250 mm × 4.0 mm);eluent:KOH 30 mmol/L (online produced),isocratic eluting,flow rate 1.0 ml/min,injection volume 100 μl,and detected by a conductivity detector.Results Performance of the method:within the range of 0-5 000 μg/L,iodide ions concentration and the chromatographic peak area had a good linearity (correlation coefficient r =0.999 7),and the detection limit of iodide ions was 20 μg/L.For quantification of iodide ions in simulated gastric juice,the relative standard deviation (RSD) of repeated measure for 6 times was ＜ 2.0％,the standard addition recovery rate was 97.6％-102.4％,and the overall average recovery rate was 99.4％.In the simulated gastric juice with a pH of 1.4 containing 5 mg/L and ≥ 10 mg/L VC,the reaction time to achieve 100％ conversion rate of iodate ions being reduced to iodide ions was 5 min and 2 min,respectively.In the simulated gastric juice with a pH of 3 containing 10 mg/L ascorbic acid,the reaction time to achieve 100％ conversion rate was 15 min.VC quantitatively reduced iodate ions to iodide ions by the stoichiometric relationship between reactants of the reduction reaction equation,and every 100 μg VC quantitatively reduced 24.0μg of iodine in iodate to iodide ions.Conclusions In simulated gastric juice,the reaction of iodate ions being reduced to iodide ions by VC is a stoichiometric reaction with relatively fast reaction rate,the scavenging rate of iodate ions by VC within the concentration level in human gastric juice can reach 100％.The results prompt that the iodate ions from edible salt iodized with potassium iodate in daily diet are reduced to iodide ions mainly in the human stomach.
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Objective To explore the relationship between gastric juice pH and hospital-acquired pneumonia ( HAP) , the gastric bacterial colonization and etiology of HAP in neurologic intensive care unit patients by monitoring gastric juice pH value.Methods From October 2014 to May 2015, consecutive seventy-two tube feeding patients admitted in the Department of Neurology Intensive Care Unit in Xijing Hospital were enrolled in this research.The type and concentration of pathogens from gastric contents were collected, while samples from upper respiratory tract and pharynx were detected dynamically at the same time.Results (1)The group with new onset HAP was higher in gastric juice pH (6.4(5.4,6.4) vs 5.4 (2.5, 6.4), Z=-2.37, P=0.01); (2) The isolation rate of colonized bacteria in gastric cavity was associated with the pH of gastric juice , achieving 60.8% ( 42/69 ) in HAP group; ( 3 ) When the gastric juice pH was >4, the isolation rate of Gram-negative bacilli in gastric cavity obviously increased (63.6%(28/44) vs 35.7%(10/28),χ2 =5.323, P=0.021); (4)The same pathogens were found in stomach-pharynx-upper respiratory tract in 7 cases ( 17.5%) of the total 40 HAP patients.Conclusion Increased gastric juice pH was associated with gastric colonization , especially Gram-negative bacilli , and may lead to a higher incidence of new onset HAP in patients on enteral feeding.
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Researches on microbiota in the stomach have entered a revolutionary period in recent years due to the advanced technology that can detect culture-independent gastric microfloras. In spite of its harsh environment, stomach plays a role as an ecosystem for some microbiota. Their composition and number of colony forming units are influenced by several innate defense mechanisms such as low gastric pH, gastric mucus layer, migrating motor complex and some external factors such as gastric acid lowering medications and diet patterns. Here, we review the literatures concerning factors that influence the gastric microbiota.We believe this will be helpful for understanding the role of microbiota in the stomach.
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Defense Mechanisms , Diet , Ecosystem , Gastric Acid , Gastric Juice , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Microbiota , Mucus , Myoelectric Complex, Migrating , Proton Pump Inhibitors , Stem Cells , StomachABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Not much is known about the role of gastric microbiota except for Helicobacter pylori in human health and disease. In this study, we aimed to detect human gastric microbiota in both gastric mucosa and gastric juice by barcoded 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and to compare the results from mucosa and juice. METHODS: Gastric biopsies and stomach juices were collected from 4 subjects who underwent standard endoscopy at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Gastric microbiota of antral mucosa, corpus mucosa samples, and gastric fluids were analyzed by barcoded 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The analysis focused on bacteria, such as H. pylori and nitrosating or nitrate-reducing bacteria. RESULTS: Gastric fluid samples showed higher diversity compared to that of gastric mucosa samples. The mean of operational taxonomic units was higher in gastric fluid than in gastric mucosa. The samples of gastric fluid and gastric mucosa showed different composition of phyla. The composition of H. pylori and Proteobacteria was higher in mucosa samples compared to gastric fluid samples (H. pylori, 66.5% vs. 3.3%, P = 0.033; Proteobacteria, 75.4% vs. 26.3%, P = 0.041), while Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were proportioned relatively less in mucosa samples than gastric fluid. However there was no significant difference. (Actinobacteria, 3.5% vs. 20.2%, P = 0.312; Bacteroidetes, 6.0% vs. 14.8%, P = 0.329; Firmicutes, 12.8% vs. 33.4%, P = 0.246). CONCLUSIONS: Even though these samples were small, gastric mucosa could be more effective than gastric fluid in the detection of meaningful gastric microbiota by pyrosequencing.
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Humans , Actinobacteria , Bacteria , Bacteroidetes , Biopsy , Endoscopy , Gastric Juice , Gastric Mucosa , Genes, rRNA , Helicobacter pylori , Microbiota , Mucous Membrane , Proteobacteria , Seoul , StomachABSTRACT
Background: Ulcers of the lower part of the oesophagus, the stomach and the first part of the duodenum are also known as peptic ulcers. Peptic ulcers can affect people of any age, but they are more common as you get older. There is a focus on research for better tolerated and efficacious anti-ulcer agents. Methods: Effect of anti-ulcer activity of fish oil and Arasco oil was evaluated in different animal models of ulcers i.e. ethanol induced, water immersion and pyloric ligation techniques. The Superoxide dismutase activity in gastric tissue was also ascertained in two groups of animals. The animals received either fish oil (40 μl, PO), Arasco oil (40 μl, PO), omeprazole (20 mg/kg PO) or ranitidine (30 mg/kg PO). The gastro-protection was calculated based on ulcer index, pH and gastric juice volume. Results: The results of this study suggest that poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contained in fish oil and Arasco oil have moderate anti-ulcer activity although probably lesser in potency than the available anti-ulcer drugs like omeprazole and ranitidine. Conclusion: These results have shown that PUFA containing oils provided moderate gastrointestinal protection in all the induced ulcer models employed. Thus it can be concluded that PUFA containing oils like the Fish oil and Arasco oil have anti-ulcer properties and the mechanisms involved in these actions need to be investigated.
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PURPOSE: To assess gastric pH and its relationship with urease-test positivity and histological findings in children with Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS: Fasting gastric juices and endoscopic antral biopsy specimens were collected from 562 children and subjected to the urease test and histopathological examination. The subjects were divided into 3 age groups: 0-4, 5-9, and 10-15 years. The histopathological grade was assessed using the Updated Sydney System, while the gastric juice pH was determined using a pH meter. RESULTS: The median gastric juice pH did not differ significantly among the age groups (p=0.655). The proportion of individuals with gastric pH >4.0 was 1.3% in the 0-4 years group, 6.1% in the 5-9 years group, and 8.2% in 10-15 years (p=0.101). The proportions of moderate and severe chronic gastritis, active gastritis, and H. pylori infiltration increased with age (p<0.005). Urease-test positivity was higher in children with hypochlorhydria (77.8%) than in those with normal gastric pH (31.7%) (p<0.001). Chronic and active gastritis were more severe in the former than the latter (p<0.001), but the degree of H. pylori infiltration did not differ (20.9% vs. 38.9%; p=0.186). CONCLUSION: Gastric pH while fasting is normal in most children regardless of age. Urease-test positivity may be related to hypochlorhydria in children, and hypochlorhydria is in turn related to H. pylori infection.
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Child , Humans , Achlorhydria , Biopsy , Fasting , Gastric Juice , Gastritis , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , UreaseABSTRACT
In the present investigation anti ulcer activity of methanol extract (flower) of the medicinal plant Couroupita guianensis was evaluated in Wistar rats .The experimental rats were divided into four groups (n= 6). The rats were administered with distilled water (Control), Omeprazole (10 mg/kg) (Positive control), MECG (200mg/kg b.w) MECG (400mg/kg b.w) and was followed by the ligation of pylorus region of the stomach for ulcer induction. The stomach of the sacrificed rats were microscopically analysed ,gastric juice parameters such as gastric juice volume, pH, free acidity and total acidity and the biochemical parameters such as carbohydrate ,protein and pepsin level were quantified. The results of the present investigation revealed that the ulcer protection was 86.82% in rats treated with MECG 400 mg/ml and the ulcer score level was found 4.93±0.22 %. .The MECG reduced gastric juice, free acidity, total acidity and PH in the experimental Wistar rats. The total acidity range and free acidity level was recorded 88.50± 5.09 and 61.83±4.71 respectively at the concentration of 400 mg / ml.The biochemical marker enzyme pepsin level was reduced to 15.36 μg/ml when compared with the ulcer induced control group (24.62 μg/ml).
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Objective:To study the effect of artificial gastric juice on the dissolution of schizandrin A to provide the parameters for the best extraction method of Schisandra chinensis. Methods:Schisandra chinensis was respectively extracted by artificial gastric juice and water. Schizandrin A in the extracts was determined by HPLC, and the dissolution of schizandrin A in artificial gastric juice and water was studied and compared. Results:At 60 min, schizandrin A dissolution was 0. 483% in artificial gastric juice, and 0. 362%in water. Conclusion:The dissolution of schizandrin A in artificial gastric juice is 33. 4% higher than that in water, suggesting artifi-cial gastric juice can significantly improve the dissolution of schisandrin A.
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In the present study, the gastro protective effect of Feronia elephantum leaves and bark in a model of NSAIDinduced ulcer in rat was analyzed. The lyophilized extract was given by oral gavages (500 mg/kg) three times at 12 hr intervals before administering Indomethacin at 20 mg/kg. Pretreatment with extract significantly decreased the ulcerated area. The volume and acidity of the gastric juice decreased in the pretreated rats. In conclusion, F. elephantum was able to decrease the acidity and increase the mucosal defense in the gastric areas, there by justifying its use as an antiulcerogenic agent.
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The aim of the study was to determine anti ulcer activity of stem bark of Careya arbore Roxb. on the Wister strain albino rats. Dried stem bark of Careya arbore Roxb. was powdered and this coarse powder was extracted with 70% ethanol by soxhlet extraction method to yield a Ethanol extract of stem bark of Careya aborea Roxb. (EECA). The extract was subjected for preliminary phytochemical analysis and was evaluated for anti ulcer activity against various models such as Ethanol induced, cold restraint stress induced and Pylorus ligation induced models. In acute toxicity study, EECA was found to be safe till 3000mg/kg. So the doses of EECA at various concentration of 300 and 600mg/kg body weight was administered orally, twice daily for 5 days for prevention of ulcer from Pylorus ligation, Ethanol and cold restraint stress - induced ulcers. Analytical parameters like Percentage of Ulcer protection was calculated based on Ulcer index and Gastric juice volume, pH and acidity of gastric juice. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of EECA showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, tannins and saponins. The EECA has shown significant activity at both 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg dose level in a dose dependent manner. Phytoconstituents like tannins and saponins may be responsible for anti ulcer activity of EECA.
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The aim of the study was to determine anti ulcer activity of stem bark of Careya arbore Roxb. on the Wister strain albino rats. Dried stem bark of Careya arbore Roxb. was powdered and this coarse powder was extracted with 70% ethanol by soxhlet extraction method to yield a Ethanol extract of stem bark of Careya aborea Roxb. (EECA). The extract was subjected for preliminary phytochemical analysis and was evaluated for anti ulcer activity against various models such as Ethanol induced, cold restraint stress induced and Pylorus ligation induced models. In acute toxicity study, EECA was found to be safe till 3000mg/kg. So the doses of EECA at various concentration of 300 and 600mg/kg body weight was administered orally, twice daily for 5 days for prevention of ulcer from Pylorus ligation, Ethanol and cold restraint stress - induced ulcers. Analytical parameters like Percentage of Ulcer protection was calculated based on Ulcer index and Gastric juice volume, pH and acidity of gastric juice. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of EECA showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, tannins and saponins. The EECA has shown significant activity at both 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg dose level in a dose dependent manner. Phytoconstituents like tannins and saponins may be responsible for anti ulcer activity of EECA.
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Helicobacter pylori es el principal agente bacteriano implicado en lesiones gastroduodenales inflamatorias en humanos y una de las bacterias patógenas más comunes, con una alta prevalencia en Venezuela. El diagnóstico de la infección por H. pylori se realiza frecuentemente en biopsias gástricas mediante PCR; sin embargo, el jugo gástrico y las biopsias esofágicas podrían también ser utilizadas como muestras alternativas para determinar la infección. En el presente trabajo se evalúo la infección por H. pylori en diferentes muestras del tracto digestivo superior de pacientes dispépticos, mediante la detección por PCR de genes esenciales (glmM y ureA) y de virulencia (cagA). De los 104 pacientes estudiados, H. pylori fue encontrado en 53,8; 69,2 y 58,7% de las muestras de jugo gástrico y biopsias gástricas y esofágicas, respectivamente, con una predominancia de cepas tipo I (cagA+) en jugo y biopsias gástricas y cepas tipo II (cagA-) en biopsias esofágicas. La detección de H. pylori en jugo gástrico y biopsias esofágicas mostró una alta sensibilidad y especificidad en relación a la detección en biopsias gástricas, lo cual sugiere que ambos tipos de muestras pueden ser utilizados eficazmente para un diagnóstico seguro de la infección por H. pylori.
Helicobacter pylori is the main bacterial agent implicated in human gastroduodenal inflammatory pathologies; being one of the most common bacterial pathogens, with a high prevalence in Venezuela. The diagnosis of H. pylori infection is performed primarily in gastric biopsies through PCR; however, string-absorbed gastric juice and esophageal biopsies could be also used as alternative specimens to determine the infection. In this study the H. pylori infection was assessed in different specimens of the upper tract digestive of dyspeptic patients, though the detection by PCR of essential genes (glmM and ureA) and genes encoding virulence factors (cagA). Of 104 patients studied, H. pylori was found in 53.8, 69,2 and 58,7% of gastric juice, and gastric and esophageal biopsies, respectively; with predominance of the strains type I (cagA+) in juice and gastric biopsies, and strains type II (cagA-) in esophageal biopsies. The detection of H. pylori in gastric juice and esophageal biopsies showed high sensitivity and specificity, in comparison with the detection in gastric biopsies, suggesting that both types of specimens may be used efficiently for a secure diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , Biopsy , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Dyspepsia/microbiology , Esophagus/pathology , Gastric Juice/chemistry , Helicobacter Infections/complications , Helicobacter pylori/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Stomach/pathologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the treatment of acquired benign tracheoesophageal fistula.Methods Clinical data of 13 cases of acquired benign tracheoesophageal fistula were retrospectively studied and the related literature was reviewed.The physical conditions,locations of fistula and risk factors of the patients were assessed before surgery.A specific surgical protocol was determined for each individual patient using either radical surgery or palliative surgery to repair the fistula.Ten patients underwent radical surgery,including suture closure of the esophageal or tracheal defects only in 7 patients and segmental tracheal reseetion in 3 patients.The remaining 3 patients underwent palliative operation.Results No major complication was observed except pulmonary infectin in 2 patients.No patient died during the perioperative period.All but one patient who treated with mediastinal and neck radiation therapy 4 years ago were able to resume oral food three months after operation.All patients were followed up for 8 months to 73 months[mean (39.6 ± 19.7) months]and no fistulas were occurred in the patients who received a radical surgery.The tracheoesophageal fistula orifices became smaller or closed fairly well in the patients who underwent a palliative surgery.Conclusion Surgery is the treatment of choice for acquired benign tracheoesophageal fistula.Airway and esophagal stent placement is not recommended.Adequate drainage of gastric juice is a crucial step in the management of the condition.